TOEFL iBT Prediction 4

Before taking the test, read the following instructions and fill in an identification form afterward.
The test is divided into four sections: listening, structure, and reading. Each section or part of a section begins with a set of special directions that includes sample questions and answers. It is important to read these directions so you will understand exactly what you are to do before you start to work on the section or part.
Some questions may be harder than others, but try to answer them. If you are not sure of the correct answer to a question, make the best guess you can and go on to the next question. It is your advantage to answer every question, even if you have to guess.
As you are taking the practice test, work rapidly but carefully. Do not spend too much time on any single question. You can use scratch paper for taking notes in the listening section, and do not write or make any marks in the test section of your book.

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Reading Section

Directions: This section measures your ability to understand academic passages in English.

Open the passage for questions number 1-2 through this LINK

1. According to the passage, which of the following statements about reference frames is true?

It is required to identify the position of an object

Stationary objects are used in conjunction with reference frames

Earth is considered the most convenient reference frame

It is often used to describe the motion of an object

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2. What does the author say about displacement?

Two stationary objects are required to cause it

One moving object and one stationary object are often considered displaced

It occurs when the reference frame is in motion or stationary and the object moves

Examples of displacement are most prevalent in the field of physics

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Open the passage for questions number 3-4 through this LINK

3. The passage above mentions which of the following as an aspect of the ancient Mesoamerican calendar system?

It was one of the reasons why these ancient people were able to develop a written language

Sacrifices were made based on the timing of eclipses and solstices

When compared to modern-day calculations, these primitive calendars were inaccurate

it was utilized to make predictions and lead to informed decisions on the best time to plant crops

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4. The passage above supports which of the following ideas about the spread of Mesoamerican culture?

It was mainly due to the influence of their writing system on surrounding cultures that had none

Goods like jade and food like the cacao bean were desired worldwide

The exchange of goods across wide distances accounted for it

The hierarchical political structure created programs designed to influence neighboring communities

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Open the passage for questions number 5-9 through this LINK

5. According to the paragraph, where is the ozone layer located and what is its role?

It is located in the troposphere and protects the Earth's surface from pollution

It is located in the stratosphere and protects the Earth's surface from harmful UV radiation

It is located in the mesosphere and regulates the Earth's temperature

It is located in the ionosphere and affects communication systems

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6. According to the paragraph, which of the following is NOT true about the ozone layer?

It was first proposed by Jean Baptiste Fourier

It absorbs high-energy ultraviolet radiation

It is vulnerable to damage from human activities

It is located in the mesosphere

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7. The author mentions all of the following measures to protect the ozone layer EXCEPT

The Montreal Protocol

The use of UV-absorbing filters in personal care products

The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

The development and use of environmentally friendly alternatives

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8. Which of the following can be inferred from the paragraph about the ozone layer?

The ozone layer was discovered in the 20th century by French mathematician and physicist Jean Baptiste Fourier

The ozone layer plays a critical role in protecting the Earth's surface from harmful infrared radiation from the sun

Human activities have caused damage to the ozone layer, leading to increased rates of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health problems

The Montreal Protocol was signed to increase the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances

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9. Why does the author mention the discovery of the ozone layer by Jean Baptiste Fourier?

To highlight the importance of the discovery of the ozone layer by a French scientist

To provide historical context on the discovery of the ozone layer

To criticize the discovery of the ozone layer by Jean Baptiste Fourier

To compare the discovery of the ozone layer by Jean Baptiste Fourier to the discovery of other atmospheric phenomena

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Open the passage for questions number 10-14 through this LINK

10 Why does the author mention the “prevalence of social media” in the paragraph about the impact of social networking on social behavior?

To highlight the popularity of social media

To suggest that social media is the only form of social networking

To explain how social media can make it more difficult for people to form meaningful relationships

To argue that social media should be banned

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11. The word “prevalence” in the paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Popularity

Rarity

Importance

Invisibility

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12. In stating that social networking can lead to “feelings of anxiety, depression, and a sense of dissatisfaction with their lives”, the author means that

Social networking is the sole cause of these mental health issues

Social networking can contribute to these mental health issues in some cases

People who do not use social networking are less likely to experience these mental health issues

Social networking is a solution to these mental health issues

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13. Look at the four letters—(A), (B), (C), and (D)—that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. “As a result of this shift, some people have expressed concerns about the impact of social networking on the quality of communication.” Where would the sentence best fit?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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14. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. “Social networking has had a profound impact on personal relationships, communication patterns, and social behavior, both positively and negatively.”

Social networking can have negative effects on social behavior, including decreased self-esteem and increased cyberbullying

Social networking has no impact on social behavior

Social networking has only positive effects on personal relationships

Social networking has only negative effects on communication problems

Social networking has led to a shift in communication patterns, with both benefits and drawbacks

Social networking has a significant impact on personal relationships, leading to both positive and negative effects

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Open the passage for questions number 15-19 through this LINK

15. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?

Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions

Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented

Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata, because the latter often became seriously damaged in the process

Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata

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16. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3? “However, as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world.”

The discovery of regional differences in the sequences of rocks led geologists to believe that rock types could someday become reliable time markers

Careful analysis of strata revealed that rocks cannot establish geological time because the pattern of rock layers varies from place to place

Smith’s catalogs of rock strata indicated that the sequences of rocks are different from place to place and from region to region

Because people did not catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks, it was believed that rocks could never be reliable time markers

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17. Select the TWO answer choices that are true statements based upon the discussion of the principle of faunal succession in paragraph 5

It was a principle that applied to fauna but not to flora

It was discovered independently by two different geologists

It describes how fossils are distributed in rock strata

It explains why plants and animals undergo transformations through time

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18. Look at the four letters—(A), (B), (C), and (D)—that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? “The findings of these geologists inspired other to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts of the world.”

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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19. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. “William Smith’s contributions to geology have increased our knowledge of the Earth’s history.”

William Smith found success relatively easy in his profession because he came from a family of geologists and surveyors

Smith’s work on canals allowed him to collect fossils and study rock layers all over England

Smith found that fossils are much more reliable indicators of geological time than rock strata are

William Smith was named the “Father of English Geology” for his maps rather than for his other contributions to the field

Smith and Cuvier discovered that fossil patterns are easier to observe in ancient rock strata than in younger rock strata

The discovery of the principle of faunal succession allowed geologists to establish the relative age of Earth’s rock layers

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Open the passage for questions number 20-24 through this LINK

20. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that even when paint was sprayed by mouth to make a hand stencil

There was no way to tell which hand was stenciled

The stenciled hand was the weaker hand

The stenciled hand was the dominant hand

Artists stenciled more images of the dominant hand that they did of the weak hand

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21. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2? “Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.”

Right-handed artists could more easily have avoided casting shadows on their work, because engravings in prehistoric caves were lit from the left

The tips of engraving tools and brushes indicate that these instruments were used by right-handed artists whose work was lit from the left

The best lighting for most engravings suggests that they were made by right-handed people trying to avoid the shadow of their hands interfering with their work

Right-handed artists try to avoid having the brush that they are using interfere with the light source

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22. The word “depicted” in the passage is closest in meaning to

Identified

Revealed

Pictured

Imagined

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23. Which of the following statements about fractures and cut marks can be inferred from paragraph 4?

Fractures and cut marks inflicted in the battlefield by right-handed soldiers tend to occur on the right side of the injured party’s body

The right arm sustains more injuries because, as the dominant arm, it is used more actively

In the most people, the left side of the body is more vulnerable to injury since it is not defended effectively by the dominant arm

Fractures and cut marks on fossil humans probably occurred after death

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24. What was the purpose of Nicholas Toth’s toolmaking experiment described in paragraph 6?

To shape tools that could be used by either hand

To produce replicas of early tools for display in museums

To imitate the production of pebble tools from early sites

To determine which hand made the early tools

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Open the passage for questions number 25-29 through this LINK

25. Select the TWO answer choices from paragraph 3 that identify materials discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin.

Volcanic rock fragments

Thin silt layers

Soft, deep-sea mud

Crystalline salt

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26. What is the main purpose of paragraph 3?

To describe the physical evidence collected by Hsu and Ryan

To explain why some of the questions posed earlier in the passage could not be answered by the findings of the Glomar Challenger

To evaluate techniques used by Hsu and Ryan to explore the sea floor

To describe the most difficult problems faced by the Glomar Challenger expedition

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27. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? “As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.”

The Strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting

The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined

The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas

As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them

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28. Paragraph 2 shows four letters—(A), (B), (C), and (D)—that indicate where the following sentence could be added. Where would the sentence best fit? “Thus, scientists had information about the shape of the domes but not about their chemical composition and origin.”

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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29. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. “An expedition to the Mediterranean answered some long-standing questions about the ocean’s history.”

The Glomar Challenger expedition investigated changes in invertebrate fauna and some unusual geologic features

Researchers collected fossils to determine which new species migrated from the Atlantic with older species

Scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger were the first to discover the existence of domelike masses underneath the seafloor

Samples recovered from the expedition revealed important differences in chemical composition and fossil distribution among the sediment layers

Evidence collected by the Glomar Challenger supports geologists’ beliefs that the Mediterranean had evaporated and become a desert, before it refilled with water

Mediterranean salt domes formed after crustal movements opened the straits between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean refilled with water

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Open the passage for questions number 30-34 through this LINK

30. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about theatrical dance in the late nineteenth century?

It influenced many artists outside of the field of dance

It was very similar to theatrical dance of the early nineteenth century

It was more a form of entertainment than a form of serious art

It was a relatively new art form in the United States

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31. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are characteristic of Fuller’s type of dance EXCEPT

Experimentation using color

Large and full costumes

Continuous movement of her costumes

Technical virtuosity of movement

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32. According to paragraph 3, why was Fuller’s work well received in Paris?

Parisian audiences were particularly interested in artists and artistic movements from the United States

Influential poets tried to interest dancers in Fuller’s work when she arrived in Paris

Fuller’s work at this time borrowed directly from French artists working in other media

Fuller’s dances were in harmony with the artistic values already present in Paris

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33. According to paragraph 4, Fuller’s Dire Dance was notable in part for its

Use of colored gels to illuminate glass

Use of dyes and paints to create an image of fire

Technique of lighting the dancer from beneath

Draperies with small dots resembling the Pointillist technique of Seurat

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34. According to paragraph 6, what was true of Fuller’s theater at the Paris Exposition?

It presented some works that were not by Fuller

It featured performances by prominent male as well as female dancers

It became a famous school that is still named in honor of Fuller

It continued to operate as a theater after Fuller died

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Open the passage for question number 35 through this LINK

35. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices, and match them to the phrase of William Faulkner’s career to which they relate.

A. Was considered one of America’s greatest writers
B. Received a small amount of critical acclaim
C. Died as a result of a horseback-riding incident
D. Received numerous awards and acclaim
E. Was considered merely a regional writer
F. Wrote novels about various American regions
G. Made his living as a novelist
H. Made his living with writing other than novels

Faulkner in the first phase of his career
Faulkner in the second phase of his career

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Open and read the passage to this LINK for Questions 36-40

36. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? “Newly established parasite-host relationships are likely to be more destructive than those that have a long evolutionary history.”

A parasite is less likely to destroy the host when it attaches itself at first.

Parasites that have lived on a host for a long time have probably done a lot of damage.

The most destructive phase for a host is When the parasite first invades it.

The relationship between a parasite and a host will evolve over time.

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37. Which of the following is mentioned as an example of a commensal relationship?

Orchids

Mistletoe

Ants

Fungus

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38. In which of the following chapters would this passage most probably appear?

Environment and Organisms

Pollution and Policies

Human Influences on Ecosystems

Energy Resources

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39. Look at the four letters—(A), (B), (C), and (D)—that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage. Where could the sentence best be added? “They live on the feathers of birds or the fur of animals.”

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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40. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. “Symbiosis is a close, continuing physical relationship between two species.”

Parasitic species will feed on the host species, causing varying degrees of damage to the host as a result of the relationship

Orchids benefit from being near the top of a tree where they can be exposed to more sunlight and rain

Nodules in the roots of plants supply nitrogen from bacteria, thereby enriching the soil

In commensalism, one species will benefit from the relationship, but the other species is not affected by it

Certain species from mutualistic relationships in which both species benefit from the physical contact

Evolutionary changes in species may allow them to live in close physical contact with little damage to each other

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Listening Section

Directions: This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English.

You should listen to each conversation and lecture only once. After each conversation or lecture, you will answer some questions about it.

You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.

Questions 1–5

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2. What is the professor’s attitude toward the student’s high school film course?

He does not consider it satisfactory preparation for the class he teaches

He does not think that literary works should be discussed in film classes

He believes that this type of course often confuses inexperienced students

He feels that the approach taken in this course is the best way to learn about film

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3. Why was the student permitted to sign up for the professor’s film theory course?

Her high school course fulfilled the requirement for previous course work

The computer system that usually blocks students was not working properly

An employee in the department did not follow instructions

The professor made an exception in her case

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4. Why does the professor decide to allow the student to remain in his class? Choose 2 answers.

She needs to take the course in order to graduate

He is impressed with her eagerness to continue

She convinces him that she does have adequate preparation for the course

He learns that she is not studying film as her main course of study

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5. What does the professor advise the student to do in order to keep up with the class she is in?

Take the introductory course

Watch some video recordings

Do extra reading

Drop out of her marketing class

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Questions 6–11

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7.. What is the professor’s opinion about the conclusions of the recent study of the limestone formations in the Empty Quarter?

They have changed the way geologists study desert environments

They contradict findings about similar desert lakes

They explain the causes of monsoons in the desert

They need to be confirmed by additional studies

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8. According to the professor, what feature of the sand dunes made the formation of the lakes possible?

The degree of slope of the sides of the dunes

The presence of clay and silt particles in the dunes

The position of the dunes relative to the wind and rain

The narrowness of the valleys between the dunes

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9. How is it possible to determine in which rainy period a lake was formed? Choose 2 answers.

By examining the location of the lake bed

By measuring the amount of sand covering the lake bed

By examining the color of the limestone formation

By identifying the types of fossils found in the limestone

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10. What does the professor imply about the lack of water buffalo and hippopotamus fossils in the more recent lakes?

The level of water in the lakes was not sufficient for these animals

The bottoms of the lakes were too sandy for these animals to stand in

The location of the lakes made them too difficult for these animals to reach

The vegetation near the lakes did not attract these animals

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11. What possible explanation does the professor give for the apparent absence of fish in the most ancient lakes?

The presence of predators

Lack of appropriate food

Lack of suitable water

Extreme desert temperatures

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Questions 12–17

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13. Why does the student mention a research project she studied in a biology class?

To point out similarities in the behavior of rodents and monkeys

To explain how she first became interested in animal communication

To introduce an instance of an animal species that might have language

To show how she applied her knowledge of linguistics in another course

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14. What is the professor’s opinion of a recent study of prairie dogs?

She finds the study interesting but is not convinced that prairie dogs can communicate

She thinks that some claims made by the researchers are not supported by their findings

She sees the study as proof that mammals other than humans possess a form of language

She thinks the researchers misinterpreted the high-pitched barks as warning signals

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15. What does the professor say about the individual units that make up human languages?

They can be combined to create an infinite number of new messages

They are not capable of being reproduced by members of any other species

They function in the same way as the signals all animals use to communicate

They are acquired instinctively without having to be learned

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16. The professor uses the sentence, “Move the large coyote fast,” in order to illustrate two features of language. What are they? Choose 2 answers.

Displacement

Learnability

Productivity

Discreteness

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17. Why does the professor say this?

To see if anyone knows the answer to the student’s question

To suggest that the student is using the wrong terminology

To express frustration because she has already answered a similar question

To determine whether she has been speaking clearly enough

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Questions 18–22

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19. What is the man’s problem?

He does not have time to see an advisor

He does not have an internship yet

He does not know which career to choose

He does not have a job after graduation

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20. Why does the woman tell the man about her experience?

To demonstrate the benefits of going to the Office of Career Development

To encourage the man to talk with an advisor about an internship

To suggest that he change his major from math to library science

To give the man her opinion about his career decision

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21. What is the woman’s attitude toward her internship?

She would rather go to graduate school

She is looking forward to interning

She thinks that it is a very positive experience

She will be happy when she completes it

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22. What will the man probably do?

He will make an appointment with his academic advisor

He will go to the Office of Career Development

He will apply for a job at the library

He will ask the woman to help him with his tests

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Questions 23–28

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24. According to the professor, what two limitations were noted in Daguerre’s process for developing and fixing latent images? Choose 2 answers.

The photograph disappeared after a few minutes

The images were very delicate and easily fell apart

Multiple images could not be made from the plate

The exposure time was still several hours long

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25. Why does the professor say this?

He is trying to generate interest in the topic

He makes reference to a story in the textbook

He is not sure whether the information is accurate

He wants the students to use their imaginations

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26. What substance was first used to fix the images?

Copper powder

Table salt

Mercury vapor

Hot water

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27. What can we assume about photographers in the 1800s?

Most of them had originally been painters before they became interested in photography

Portrait photographers were in the highest demand since people wanted images of their families

Some of them must have experienced health problems as a result of their laboratory work

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28. In what order does the professor explain photographic principles?

From the least to the most important facts

In a chronological sequence of events

The order of the steps in the photographic process

The advantages before the disadvantages

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Questions 29–34

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30. When the professor expresses admiration, what specific aspect of leaf cutter ants does he highlight?

Their resilience in the face of adversity

Their efficiency in dividing tasks

Their capacity to adapt to various contexts

Their ability to recycle nutrients

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31. Regarding the potential use of leaf cutter ants’ mandibles in surgical procedures, which statement best reflects the professor’s stance?

The mandibles have great potential in surgery

The mandibles are too dangerous for surgical use

The professor supports the use of mandibles in surgery

The mandibles have potential, but their use is not widely accepted

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32. What does the professor imply about the pest status of leaf cutter ants in the context of their ecological role?

The ants are the main cause of crop destruction

The ants should be eliminated

The ants’ ecological contributions are more significant than their negative impact

The ants are less harmful than other pests

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33. What can be inferred when the professor is discussing the relationship between leaf cutter ants and the bacterium found on their bodies?

The ants and bacterium exhibit a unique form of mutualism

The ants’ behavior is similar to human behavior

The bacterium is essential for the ants’ survival

The ants protect the bacterium from external threats

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34. In the conclusion of the lecture, what does the professor primarily emphasize about leaf cutter ants?

The importance of their farming techniques

The complexity of their social structures

The ingenuity of life in the insect world

The lessons they teach about cooperation, adaptability, and resilience

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Questions 35–40

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36. The blue color in blue-and-white porcelain is derived from which material?

Cobalt oxide

Feldspar

Transparent glaze

Clay

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37. How does the professor feel about the loss of traditional porcelain-making techniques?

Frustrated

Disappointed

Indifferent

Optimistic

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38. How did the production of porcelain change during the 19th and 20th centuries?

It became more industrialized, leading to faster and more efficient production methods

The use of cobalt oxide was discontinued

Traditional techniques were completely abandoned in favor of new technologies

The production of blue-and-white porcelain ceased

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39. Which European factory was the first to successfully produce porcelain?

Royal Copenhagen

Meisen Porcelain Manufactory

Sevres Porcelain Factory

Wedgwood

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40. Why does the professor mention the world of graffiti?

To demonstrate how European and Chinese porcelain production methods were similar

To highlight the influence of the Ming Dynasty on European porcelain

To emphasize the importance of cobalt oxide in both European and Chinese porcelain

To draw a parallel between the challenges faced by traditional porcelain artisans and graffiti artists

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Speaking Section

Directions: This section measures your ability to speak in English about a variety of topics.

1. You will now be asked to give your opinion about a familiar topic.

Please use Online Voice Recorder to record your answer. Then, upload it to our Google Drive folder and name it. Write ‘DONE’ in the box below!

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2. You will now read a short passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, give yourself:

Entertainment Merchandising

An effective, widely used marketing practice in the entertainment industry is entertainment merchandising. Entertainment merchandising is a form of marketing in which the brand or image from one product is also used to sell another. The practice of entertainment merchandising often occurs in connection with movies and television shows, especially those associated with children. For example, the success of a popular children’s television show may result in the marketing of toys that are designed to look like characters in the show. Or the situation may be reversed when a children’s television show is written to include characters that are based on already-popular toys.

“Using the examples from the lecture, explain the concept of entertainment merchandising.”

Please use Online Voice Recorder to record your answer. Then, upload it to our Google Drive folder and name it. Write ‘DONE’ in the box below!

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3. You will now listen to part of a conversation. You will then be asked a question about it.

“Briefly summarize the woman’s problem. Then state which solution you would

recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.”

Please use Online Voice Recorder to record your answer. Then, upload it to our Google Drive folder and name it. Write ‘DONE’ in the box below!

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4. You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked a question about it.

“Using the points from the lecture, explain why researchers think that babies may feel empathy.”

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Writing Section

Directions: This section measures your ability to use writing to communicate in an academic environment.

1. Give yourself 3 minutes to read the passage,

You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.

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2. Your professor is teaching a class on education. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, you should:

Express and support your personal opinion
Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Professor: In class today, we are going to talk about grading students. Before you come to class, I want you to think about whether grades are beneficial. On one hand, they provide a way to measure students’ progress. On the other hand, some argue that grades are too focused on performance and don’t provide an accurate picture of a student’s overall academic abilities. If you had to choose, would you say that students should be given grades or not? Why?

Lila: I think that students should not be given grades. Grades create a needlessly competitive environment and can make students feel like they are only valued for their academic performance. When students feel that grades are the most important thing, they get discouraged. Instead of giving specific grades, teachers should provide

Your score is

The average score is 0%

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